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Ero sivun ”5-HTP” versioiden välillä

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(Ak: Uusi sivu: {{Ainesosalomake |info1=Elimistö valmistaa 5-HTP:tä (5-hydroksytryptofaani) tryptofaanista (välttämätön aminohappo). 5-HTP:stä puolestaan muokataan edelleen serotoniinia. 5-...)
 
Rivi 4: Rivi 4:
 
5-HTP:tä valmistetaan kaupallisiin tarkoituksiin afrikkalaisen Griffonia simplicifolia-kasvin siemenistä.  
 
5-HTP:tä valmistetaan kaupallisiin tarkoituksiin afrikkalaisen Griffonia simplicifolia-kasvin siemenistä.  
  
5-HTP:n saannin lisääminen auttaa nostamaan serotoniinin määrää aivoissa. Koska serotoniini auttaa säätelemään mielialaa ja käyttäytymistä, 5-HTP:lla saattaa olla myönteinen vaikutus uneen, mielialaan, ahdistuneisuuteen, ruokahaluun, kehon lämpötilaan, seksuaaliseen halukkuuteen ja kivun tunteeseen.  
+
5-HTP:n saannin lisääminen auttaa nostamaan serotoniinin määrää aivoissa. Koska serotoniini auttaa säätelemään mielialaa ja käyttäytymistä, 5-HTP:lla saattaa olla myönteinen vaikutus uneen, mielialaan, ahdistuneisuuteen, ruokahaluun, kehon lämpötilaan, seksuaaliseen halukkuuteen ja kivun tunteeseen.
 
|info3=Koska 5-HTP lisää serotoniinin tuotantoa, sitä käytetään usean serotoniinin vähäisyyteen liittyvän sairauden hoitoon, esim. masennus, unettomuus, lihavuus ja krooniset kiputuilat.
 
|info3=Koska 5-HTP lisää serotoniinin tuotantoa, sitä käytetään usean serotoniinin vähäisyyteen liittyvän sairauden hoitoon, esim. masennus, unettomuus, lihavuus ja krooniset kiputuilat.
  
Rivi 17: Rivi 17:
 
* Kuukautisia edeltävä oireyhtymä (PMS) ja kuukautisia edeltävä dysforinen häiriö (PMDD).   
 
* Kuukautisia edeltävä oireyhtymä (PMS) ja kuukautisia edeltävä dysforinen häiriö (PMDD).   
 
* Tarkkaavaisuus-ylivilkkaushäiriö (ADHD).   
 
* Tarkkaavaisuus-ylivilkkaushäiriö (ADHD).   
* Unihäiriöt.  
+
* Unihäiriöt.
 
+
 
|info4=5-HTP  lievittää oireilua pienillä annoksialla, esim 50 mg 5-HTP:tä 1-3 kertaa päivässä. Joissakin tutkimuksissa on käytetty suurempiakin annoksia, mutta 5-HTP voi olla haitallista suurina annoksina.  
 
|info4=5-HTP  lievittää oireilua pienillä annoksialla, esim 50 mg 5-HTP:tä 1-3 kertaa päivässä. Joissakin tutkimuksissa on käytetty suurempiakin annoksia, mutta 5-HTP voi olla haitallista suurina annoksina.  
  
 
5-HTP:tä ei tule käyttää samanaikaisesti masennuslääkkeiden kanssa.
 
5-HTP:tä ei tule käyttää samanaikaisesti masennuslääkkeiden kanssa.
|info5=Tieteellisten artikkelien lyhennelmiä voi lukea PubMed:ssa http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed  
+
|info5=Tieteellisten artikkelien lyhennelmiä voi lukea PubMed:ssa http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed
|info6=Angst J, Woggon B, Schoepf J. The treatment of depression with L-5-hydroxytryptophan versus imipramine. Results of two open and one double-blind study. Arch Psychiatr Nervenkr. 1977;224:175–186.
+
|info6=# Angst J, Woggon B, Schoepf J. The treatment of depression with L-5-hydroxytryptophan versus imipramine. Results of two open and one double-blind study. Arch Psychiatr Nervenkr. 1977;224:175–186.
Attele AS, Xie JT, Yuan CS. Treatment of insomnia: an alternative approach.Altern Med Rev. 2000;5(3):249-259.
+
# Attele AS, Xie JT, Yuan CS. Treatment of insomnia: an alternative approach.Altern Med Rev. 2000;5(3):249-259.
Birdsall TC. 5-Hydroxytryptophan: A Clinically-Effective Serotonin Precursor. Altern Med Rev 1998;3:271-80.
+
# Birdsall TC. 5-Hydroxytryptophan: A Clinically-Effective Serotonin Precursor. Altern Med Rev 1998;3:271-80.
Byerley WF, Judd LL, Reimherr FW, Grosser BI. 5-Hydroxytryptophan: a review of its antidepressant efficacy and adverse effects. J Clin Psychopharmacol 1987;7:127-37.
+
# Byerley WF, Judd LL, Reimherr FW, Grosser BI. 5-Hydroxytryptophan: a review of its antidepressant efficacy and adverse effects. J Clin Psychopharmacol 1987;7:127-37.
Cangiano C, Ceci F, Cancino A, et al. Eating behavior and adherence to dietary prescriptions in obese adult subjects treated with 5-hydroxytryptophan. Am J Clin Nutr 1992;56:863-7.
+
# Cangiano C, Ceci F, Cancino A, et al. Eating behavior and adherence to dietary prescriptions in obese adult subjects treated with 5-hydroxytryptophan. Am J Clin Nutr 1992;56:863-7.
Caruso I, Sarzi Puttini P, Cazzola M, Azzolini V. Double-blind study of 5-hydroxytryptophan versus placebo in the treatment of primary fibromyalgia syndrome. J Int Med Res 1990;18:201-9.
+
# Caruso I, Sarzi Puttini P, Cazzola M, Azzolini V. Double-blind study of 5-hydroxytryptophan versus placebo in the treatment of primary fibromyalgia syndrome. J Int Med Res 1990;18:201-9.
Cauffield JS, Forbes HJ. Dietary supplements used in the treatment of depression, anxiety, and sleep disorders. Lippincotts Prim Care Pract. 1999; 3(3):290-304.
+
# Cauffield JS, Forbes HJ. Dietary supplements used in the treatment of depression, anxiety, and sleep disorders. Lippincotts Prim Care Pract. 1999; 3(3):290-304.
Ceci F, Cangiano C, Cairella M, Cascino A, et al. The effects of oral 5-hydroxytryptophan administration on feeding behavior in obese adult female subjects. J Neural Transm. 1989;76:109-117.
+
# Ceci F, Cangiano C, Cairella M, Cascino A, et al. The effects of oral 5-hydroxytryptophan administration on feeding behavior in obese adult female subjects. J Neural Transm. 1989;76:109-117.
Coleman M. Infantile spasms associated with 5-hydroxytryptophan administration in patients with Down's syndrome. Neurology 1971;21:911-9.
+
# Coleman M. Infantile spasms associated with 5-hydroxytryptophan administration in patients with Down's syndrome. Neurology 1971;21:911-9.
Coppen A, Whybrow PC, Noguera R, et al. The comparative antidepressant value of L-tryptophan and imipramine with and without attempted potentiation by liothyronine. Arch Gen Psychiatr 1972;26:234-41.
+
# Coppen A, Whybrow PC, Noguera R, et al. The comparative antidepressant value of L-tryptophan and imipramine with and without attempted potentiation by liothyronine. Arch Gen Psychiatr 1972;26:234-41.
Curcio JJ, Kim LS, Wollner D, Pockaj BA. The potential of 5-hydryxtryptophan for hot flash reduction: a hypothesis. Altern Med Rev. 2005;10(3):216-21.
+
# Curcio JJ, Kim LS, Wollner D, Pockaj BA. The potential of 5-hydryxtryptophan for hot flash reduction: a hypothesis. Altern Med Rev. 2005;10(3):216-21.
DeBenedittis G, Massei R. Serotonin precursors in chronic primary headache. A double-blind cross-over study with L-5-hydroxytryptophan vs. Placebo. J Neurosurg Sci. 1985; 29:239-248.
+
# DeBenedittis G, Massei R. Serotonin precursors in chronic primary headache. A double-blind cross-over study with L-5-hydroxytryptophan vs. Placebo. J Neurosurg Sci. 1985; 29:239-248.
Elko CJ, Burgess JL, Robertson WO. Zolpidem-associated hallucinations and serotonin reuptake inhibition: a possible interaction. J Toxicol Clin Toxicol. 1998;36(3):195-203.
+
# Elko CJ, Burgess JL, Robertson WO. Zolpidem-associated hallucinations and serotonin reuptake inhibition: a possible interaction. J Toxicol Clin Toxicol. 1998;36(3):195-203.
FDA Talk Paper. Impurities confirmed in dietary supplement 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan. August 31, 1998.
+
# FDA Talk Paper. Impurities confirmed in dietary supplement 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan. August 31, 1998.
Freedman RR. Treatment of menopausal hot flashes with 5-hydroxytryptophan. Maturitas. 2010 Apr;65(4):383-5.
+
# Freedman RR. Treatment of menopausal hot flashes with 5-hydroxytryptophan. Maturitas. 2010 Apr;65(4):383-5.
Gardner DM, Lynd LD. Sumatriptan contraindications and the serotonin syndrome. Ann Pharmacother. 1998;32(1):33-38.
+
# Gardner DM, Lynd LD. Sumatriptan contraindications and the serotonin syndrome. Ann Pharmacother. 1998;32(1):33-38.
Iovieno N, Dalton ED, Fava M, Mischoulon D. Second-tier natural antidepressants: Review and critique. J Affect Disord. 2010 Jun 24.
+
# Iovieno N, Dalton ED, Fava M, Mischoulon D. Second-tier natural antidepressants: Review and critique. J Affect Disord. 2010 Jun 24.
Joffe RT, Sokolov ST. Co-administration of fluoxetine and sumatriptan: the Canadian experience. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 1997;95(6):551-552.
+
# Joffe RT, Sokolov ST. Co-administration of fluoxetine and sumatriptan: the Canadian experience. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 1997;95(6):551-552.
Johnson KL, Klarskov K, Benson LM, et al. Presence of peak X and related compounds: the reported contaminant in case related 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan associated with eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome. J Rheumatol 1999;26:2714-7.
+
# Johnson KL, Klarskov K, Benson LM, et al. Presence of peak X and related compounds: the reported contaminant in case related 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan associated with eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome. J Rheumatol 1999;26:2714-7.
Joly P, Lampert A, Thomine E, et al. Development of pseudobullous morphea and scleroderma-like illness during therapy with L-5-hydroxytryptophan and carbidopa. J Am Acad Dermatol 1991;25:332-3.
+
# Joly P, Lampert A, Thomine E, et al. Development of pseudobullous morphea and scleroderma-like illness during therapy with L-5-hydroxytryptophan and carbidopa. J Am Acad Dermatol 1991;25:332-3.
Juhl JH. Primary fibromyalgia syndrome and 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan: a 90-day open study. Altern Med Rev. 1998;3:367-375.
+
# Juhl JH. Primary fibromyalgia syndrome and 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan: a 90-day open study. Altern Med Rev. 1998;3:367-375.
Kahn RS, Westenberg HG. L-5-hydroxytryptophan in the treatment of anxiety disorders. J Affect Disord 1985;8:197-200.
+
# Kahn RS, Westenberg HG. L-5-hydroxytryptophan in the treatment of anxiety disorders. J Affect Disord 1985;8:197-200.
Mason BJ, Blackburn KH. Possible serotonin syndrome associated with tramadol and sertraline coadministration. Ann Pharmacother. 1997;31(2):175-177.
+
# Mason BJ, Blackburn KH. Possible serotonin syndrome associated with tramadol and sertraline coadministration. Ann Pharmacother. 1997;31(2):175-177.
Meyer JS, Welch KM, Deshmukh VD, et al. Neurotransmitter precursor amino acids in the treatment of multi-infarct dementia and Alzheimer's disease. J Amer Geriat Soc 1977;25:289-98.
+
# Meyer JS, Welch KM, Deshmukh VD, et al. Neurotransmitter precursor amino acids in the treatment of multi-infarct dementia and Alzheimer's disease. J Amer Geriat Soc 1977;25:289-98.
Meyers S. Use of neurotransmitter precursors for treatment of depression. Altern Med Rev. 2000;5(1):64-71.
+
# Meyers S. Use of neurotransmitter precursors for treatment of depression. Altern Med Rev. 2000;5(1):64-71.
Michelson D, Page SW, Casey R, et al. An eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome related disorder associated with exposure to L-5-hydroxytryptophan. J Rheumatol 1994;21:2261-5.
+
# Michelson D, Page SW, Casey R, et al. An eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome related disorder associated with exposure to L-5-hydroxytryptophan. J Rheumatol 1994;21:2261-5.
Nakajima T, Kudo Y, Kaneko Z. Clinical evaluation of 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan as an antidepressant drug. Folia Psychiatr Neurol Jpn 1978;32:223-30.
+
# Nakajima T, Kudo Y, Kaneko Z. Clinical evaluation of 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan as an antidepressant drug. Folia Psychiatr Neurol Jpn 1978;32:223-30.
Nicolodi M, Sicuteri F. Fibromyalgia and migraine, two faces of the same mechanism. Serotonin as the common clue for pathogenesis and therapy. Adv Exp Med Biol 1996;398:373-9.
+
# Nicolodi M, Sicuteri F. Fibromyalgia and migraine, two faces of the same mechanism. Serotonin as the common clue for pathogenesis and therapy. Adv Exp Med Biol 1996;398:373-9.
Perry NK. Venlafaxine-induced serotonin syndrome with relapse following amitripyline. Postgrad Med J. 2000;76(894):254.
+
# Perry NK. Venlafaxine-induced serotonin syndrome with relapse following amitripyline. Postgrad Med J. 2000;76(894):254.
Poldinger W, Calanchini B, Schwarz W. A functional-dimensional approach to depression: serotonin deficiency as a target syndrome in a comparison of 5-hydroxytryptophan and fluvoxamine. Psychopathology 1991;24:53-81.
+
# Poldinger W, Calanchini B, Schwarz W. A functional-dimensional approach to depression: serotonin deficiency as a target syndrome in a comparison of 5-hydroxytryptophan and fluvoxamine. Psychopathology 1991;24:53-81.
Preshaw RM, Leavitt D, Hoag G. The dietary supplement 5-hydroxytryptophan and urinary 5-hydroxyindole acetic acid. CMAJ 2008;178:993.
+
# Preshaw RM, Leavitt D, Hoag G. The dietary supplement 5-hydroxytryptophan and urinary 5-hydroxyindole acetic acid. CMAJ 2008;178:993.
Puttini PS, Caruso I. Primary fibromyalgia and 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan: a 90-day open study. J Int Med Res. 1992;20:182-189.
+
# Puttini PS, Caruso I. Primary fibromyalgia and 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan: a 90-day open study. J Int Med Res. 1992;20:182-189.
Rakel D. Rakel Integrative Medicine, 2nd ed. Philadelphia, PA: Saunders; 2008;47.
+
# Rakel D. Rakel Integrative Medicine, 2nd ed. Philadelphia, PA: Saunders; 2008;47.
Reibring L, Agren H, Hartvig P, et al. Uptake and utilization of [beta-11c] 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP) in human brain studied by positron emission tomography. Psychiatry Research. 1992;45:215-225.
+
# Reibring L, Agren H, Hartvig P, et al. Uptake and utilization of [beta-11c] 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP) in human brain studied by positron emission tomography. Psychiatry Research. 1992;45:215-225.
Ribeiro CA. L-5-Hydroxytryptophan in the prophylaxis of chronic tension-type headache: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study. Headache 2000;40:451-6.
+
# Ribeiro CA. L-5-Hydroxytryptophan in the prophylaxis of chronic tension-type headache: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study. Headache 2000;40:451-6.
Sarzi Puttini P, Caruso I. Primary fibromyalgia syndrome and 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan: a 90-day open study. J Int Med Res 1992;20:182-9.
+
# Sarzi Puttini P, Caruso I. Primary fibromyalgia syndrome and 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan: a 90-day open study. J Int Med Res 1992;20:182-9.
Shaw K, Turner J, Del Mar C. Are tryptophan and 5-hydroxytryptophan effective treatments for depression? A meta-analysis. Aust N Z J Psychiatry. 2002 Aug;36(4):488-91.
+
# Shaw K, Turner J, Del Mar C. Are tryptophan and 5-hydroxytryptophan effective treatments for depression? A meta-analysis. Aust N Z J Psychiatry. 2002 Aug;36(4):488-91.
Singhal AB, Caviness VS, Begleiter AF, et al. Cerebral vasoconstriction and stroke after use of serotonergic drugs. Neurology 2002;58:130-3.
+
# Singhal AB, Caviness VS, Begleiter AF, et al. Cerebral vasoconstriction and stroke after use of serotonergic drugs. Neurology 2002;58:130-3.
Trouillas P, Brudon F, Adeleine P. Improvement of cerebellar ataxia with levorotatory form of 5-hydroxytryptophan: a double-blind study with quantified data processing. Arch Neurol 1988;45:1217-22.
+
# Trouillas P, Brudon F, Adeleine P. Improvement of cerebellar ataxia with levorotatory form of 5-hydroxytryptophan: a double-blind study with quantified data processing. Arch Neurol 1988;45:1217-22.
Williams A, Goodenberger D, Caline DB, et al. Palatal myoclonus following herpes zoster ameliorated by 5-hydroxytryptophan and carbidopa. Neurology 1978;28:358-9.
+
# Williams A, Goodenberger D, Caline DB, et al. Palatal myoclonus following herpes zoster ameliorated by 5-hydroxytryptophan and carbidopa. Neurology 1978;28:358-9.
Zmilacher K, et al. L-5-hydroxytryptophan alone and in combination with a peripheral decarboxylase inhibitor in the treatment of depression. Neuropsychobiology. 1988;20:28–33.
+
# Zmilacher K, et al. L-5-hydroxytryptophan alone and in combination with a peripheral decarboxylase inhibitor in the treatment of depression. Neuropsychobiology. 1988;20:28–33.
 +
 
 
}}
 
}}

Versio 30. tammikuuta 2014 kello 12.23

Yleistä tietoa

Elimistö valmistaa 5-HTP:tä (5-hydroksytryptofaani) tryptofaanista (välttämätön aminohappo). 5-HTP:stä puolestaan muokataan edelleen serotoniinia. 5-HTP:tä ei ole ravinnossa, mutta sen lähtöainetta tryptofaania saadaan useista ravintoaineista (ks. tryptofaani).

5-HTP:tä valmistetaan kaupallisiin tarkoituksiin afrikkalaisen Griffonia simplicifolia-kasvin siemenistä.

5-HTP:n saannin lisääminen auttaa nostamaan serotoniinin määrää aivoissa. Koska serotoniini auttaa säätelemään mielialaa ja käyttäytymistä, 5-HTP:lla saattaa olla myönteinen vaikutus uneen, mielialaan, ahdistuneisuuteen, ruokahaluun, kehon lämpötilaan, seksuaaliseen halukkuuteen ja kivun tunteeseen.


Vaikutus ja käyttö

Koska 5-HTP lisää serotoniinin tuotantoa, sitä käytetään usean serotoniinin vähäisyyteen liittyvän sairauden hoitoon, esim. masennus, unettomuus, lihavuus ja krooniset kiputuilat.

Tutkimusnäytön valossa 5-HTP näyttäisi olevan tehokas: Masennuksen hoidossa. 5-HTP saattaa olla yhtä tehokas kuin jotkin masennuslääkkeet. Fibromyalgia. 5-HTP näyttää vähentävän fibromyalgian oireita, kuten kipua, aamu jäykkyyttä ja unettomuutta.

5-HTP-lisällä on tutkimuksissa saatu positiivisia vaikutuksia seuraavissa tiloissa, mutta tutkimusnäytön vähäisyyden vuoksi tieteellistä arvioita sen tehosta ei voi vielä tehdä:

  • Alzheimerin tauti.
  • Ahdistus.
  • Ylipaino, 5-HTP voi auttaa vähentämään ruokahalua, kalorien saantia ja painoa ylipainoisilla.
  • Kuukautisia edeltävä oireyhtymä (PMS) ja kuukautisia edeltävä dysforinen häiriö (PMDD).
  • Tarkkaavaisuus-ylivilkkaushäiriö (ADHD).
  • Unihäiriöt.

Käytössä huomioitavaa

5-HTP lievittää oireilua pienillä annoksialla, esim 50 mg 5-HTP:tä 1-3 kertaa päivässä. Joissakin tutkimuksissa on käytetty suurempiakin annoksia, mutta 5-HTP voi olla haitallista suurina annoksina.

5-HTP:tä ei tule käyttää samanaikaisesti masennuslääkkeiden kanssa.

Lisätietoa

Tieteellisten artikkelien lyhennelmiä voi lukea PubMed:ssa http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed

Lähteet

  1. Angst J, Woggon B, Schoepf J. The treatment of depression with L-5-hydroxytryptophan versus imipramine. Results of two open and one double-blind study. Arch Psychiatr Nervenkr. 1977;224:175–186.
  2. Attele AS, Xie JT, Yuan CS. Treatment of insomnia: an alternative approach.Altern Med Rev. 2000;5(3):249-259.
  3. Birdsall TC. 5-Hydroxytryptophan: A Clinically-Effective Serotonin Precursor. Altern Med Rev 1998;3:271-80.
  4. Byerley WF, Judd LL, Reimherr FW, Grosser BI. 5-Hydroxytryptophan: a review of its antidepressant efficacy and adverse effects. J Clin Psychopharmacol 1987;7:127-37.
  5. Cangiano C, Ceci F, Cancino A, et al. Eating behavior and adherence to dietary prescriptions in obese adult subjects treated with 5-hydroxytryptophan. Am J Clin Nutr 1992;56:863-7.
  6. Caruso I, Sarzi Puttini P, Cazzola M, Azzolini V. Double-blind study of 5-hydroxytryptophan versus placebo in the treatment of primary fibromyalgia syndrome. J Int Med Res 1990;18:201-9.
  7. Cauffield JS, Forbes HJ. Dietary supplements used in the treatment of depression, anxiety, and sleep disorders. Lippincotts Prim Care Pract. 1999; 3(3):290-304.
  8. Ceci F, Cangiano C, Cairella M, Cascino A, et al. The effects of oral 5-hydroxytryptophan administration on feeding behavior in obese adult female subjects. J Neural Transm. 1989;76:109-117.
  9. Coleman M. Infantile spasms associated with 5-hydroxytryptophan administration in patients with Down's syndrome. Neurology 1971;21:911-9.
  10. Coppen A, Whybrow PC, Noguera R, et al. The comparative antidepressant value of L-tryptophan and imipramine with and without attempted potentiation by liothyronine. Arch Gen Psychiatr 1972;26:234-41.
  11. Curcio JJ, Kim LS, Wollner D, Pockaj BA. The potential of 5-hydryxtryptophan for hot flash reduction: a hypothesis. Altern Med Rev. 2005;10(3):216-21.
  12. DeBenedittis G, Massei R. Serotonin precursors in chronic primary headache. A double-blind cross-over study with L-5-hydroxytryptophan vs. Placebo. J Neurosurg Sci. 1985; 29:239-248.
  13. Elko CJ, Burgess JL, Robertson WO. Zolpidem-associated hallucinations and serotonin reuptake inhibition: a possible interaction. J Toxicol Clin Toxicol. 1998;36(3):195-203.
  14. FDA Talk Paper. Impurities confirmed in dietary supplement 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan. August 31, 1998.
  15. Freedman RR. Treatment of menopausal hot flashes with 5-hydroxytryptophan. Maturitas. 2010 Apr;65(4):383-5.
  16. Gardner DM, Lynd LD. Sumatriptan contraindications and the serotonin syndrome. Ann Pharmacother. 1998;32(1):33-38.
  17. Iovieno N, Dalton ED, Fava M, Mischoulon D. Second-tier natural antidepressants: Review and critique. J Affect Disord. 2010 Jun 24.
  18. Joffe RT, Sokolov ST. Co-administration of fluoxetine and sumatriptan: the Canadian experience. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 1997;95(6):551-552.
  19. Johnson KL, Klarskov K, Benson LM, et al. Presence of peak X and related compounds: the reported contaminant in case related 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan associated with eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome. J Rheumatol 1999;26:2714-7.
  20. Joly P, Lampert A, Thomine E, et al. Development of pseudobullous morphea and scleroderma-like illness during therapy with L-5-hydroxytryptophan and carbidopa. J Am Acad Dermatol 1991;25:332-3.
  21. Juhl JH. Primary fibromyalgia syndrome and 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan: a 90-day open study. Altern Med Rev. 1998;3:367-375.
  22. Kahn RS, Westenberg HG. L-5-hydroxytryptophan in the treatment of anxiety disorders. J Affect Disord 1985;8:197-200.
  23. Mason BJ, Blackburn KH. Possible serotonin syndrome associated with tramadol and sertraline coadministration. Ann Pharmacother. 1997;31(2):175-177.
  24. Meyer JS, Welch KM, Deshmukh VD, et al. Neurotransmitter precursor amino acids in the treatment of multi-infarct dementia and Alzheimer's disease. J Amer Geriat Soc 1977;25:289-98.
  25. Meyers S. Use of neurotransmitter precursors for treatment of depression. Altern Med Rev. 2000;5(1):64-71.
  26. Michelson D, Page SW, Casey R, et al. An eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome related disorder associated with exposure to L-5-hydroxytryptophan. J Rheumatol 1994;21:2261-5.
  27. Nakajima T, Kudo Y, Kaneko Z. Clinical evaluation of 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan as an antidepressant drug. Folia Psychiatr Neurol Jpn 1978;32:223-30.
  28. Nicolodi M, Sicuteri F. Fibromyalgia and migraine, two faces of the same mechanism. Serotonin as the common clue for pathogenesis and therapy. Adv Exp Med Biol 1996;398:373-9.
  29. Perry NK. Venlafaxine-induced serotonin syndrome with relapse following amitripyline. Postgrad Med J. 2000;76(894):254.
  30. Poldinger W, Calanchini B, Schwarz W. A functional-dimensional approach to depression: serotonin deficiency as a target syndrome in a comparison of 5-hydroxytryptophan and fluvoxamine. Psychopathology 1991;24:53-81.
  31. Preshaw RM, Leavitt D, Hoag G. The dietary supplement 5-hydroxytryptophan and urinary 5-hydroxyindole acetic acid. CMAJ 2008;178:993.
  32. Puttini PS, Caruso I. Primary fibromyalgia and 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan: a 90-day open study. J Int Med Res. 1992;20:182-189.
  33. Rakel D. Rakel Integrative Medicine, 2nd ed. Philadelphia, PA: Saunders; 2008;47.
  34. Reibring L, Agren H, Hartvig P, et al. Uptake and utilization of [beta-11c] 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP) in human brain studied by positron emission tomography. Psychiatry Research. 1992;45:215-225.
  35. Ribeiro CA. L-5-Hydroxytryptophan in the prophylaxis of chronic tension-type headache: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study. Headache 2000;40:451-6.
  36. Sarzi Puttini P, Caruso I. Primary fibromyalgia syndrome and 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan: a 90-day open study. J Int Med Res 1992;20:182-9.
  37. Shaw K, Turner J, Del Mar C. Are tryptophan and 5-hydroxytryptophan effective treatments for depression? A meta-analysis. Aust N Z J Psychiatry. 2002 Aug;36(4):488-91.
  38. Singhal AB, Caviness VS, Begleiter AF, et al. Cerebral vasoconstriction and stroke after use of serotonergic drugs. Neurology 2002;58:130-3.
  39. Trouillas P, Brudon F, Adeleine P. Improvement of cerebellar ataxia with levorotatory form of 5-hydroxytryptophan: a double-blind study with quantified data processing. Arch Neurol 1988;45:1217-22.
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